"Wild boar" stones

Annals of the Lunar New Year, the Year of the Pig is very popular with the popular. As "pigs" from the folk tradition would often a symbol of good fortune for the pig.

The stone in the nineteenth century, found in the Yangtze River, like realistic image of the wild boar. The standing long jump it, as if poised to take off, and appears to be naughty wit, simplicity and features. Pig colored stone table with a more pig-fur similar to be called "no goods." The fine texture of this rare stones, and hard Structural moderately dense glossy, color, contrast and a clear-topaz, jasper, also known as the black part. The stone stone, and color screen, the shape is the natural result of an instant work of God, and millions of years on a rolling gravel from the river.

From the "wild boar" behind the stone, then Wei-ran as if the vast grassland, the video showed a magnificent wild boar, the good news is that black pigs raised relief of jade have been. Object open mouth teeth, raised up 45 degrees, Maozulejin jump over the use of the river's smooth moves. Head back up the mane in the wind, vividly sketched out an oil and Liang's "wild boar" image.

Wearing a straw hat for the elderly

The old straw hat to wear (Figure)

Varieties: Ling Feng / Gobi stone size: 7.5 * 6CM

Yinchuan collectors like spectacle Macaca collection of stones

Like the monkey glasses agate stone

Yinchuan, who lives in a stone collectors even a few days like a monkey glasses of agate stone, so that the collectors are very excited.

To see that this agate stone about 6.5 cm, 5 cm wide, 4 cm thick, weighing about 200 grams or so, fine stone, the shape of the glasses like a monkey head, in particular parts of the eyes, big round glasses and Very much like a monkey. An eye on both sides of the bottom line is upward tilt of the outline of a monkey mouth, seems to be naughty Huaixiao directed at you. Hericium stone as a whole showed the smart and lovely. The delicate texture of the whole rock and soft color.

Yellow stone appreciate: an old woman

And from work every day, I often see that an old woman. Her unkempt, always sitting in that same place. She falls head, motionless. From the bustling crowd on her side to come and go. She was motionless and quiet, seems to be a very deep thinking. People come and go at her, just do not touch her attention, many people still laugh at her, it means that this old lady in here. Some of the old woman brought a smile will always be sitting toward the North, as her compass. A little knowledge, but also reminds the West that the famous sculpture - thinkers. They know an old woman in this situation, unfortunately, is that they might not cold. This is of course very cold world ah. It is said that years ago, an old woman on this road to the often sat on the floor, legs straight, for the North to make deep meditation-like. In meditation you? She just fell into a deep state of nothingness. Into nothingness, to forget the existence of this world, she is a kind of well-being. You know you happy? There are many happy to explain. Of an old woman, the well-being, there is a saying ah.

One day, someone told me to light an old woman so. To see an old woman, in any case I do not laugh. I hope that she can not easily talk about her. Is the pain only by the developer to bear the pain? The real pain may be that other people can not share the pain. You stream a lot of tears, perhaps it is simply not the pain!

Years ago, a teenager who died there as a result of the accident. She is the mother.

Watermelon Stone

Watermelon Stone Department of the term due to its color and patterns of stone lines, just outside of watermelon fruit leather, which got its name; although the exact name of it depends on the research of experts and scholars.

Distribution of origin:

Hualien and Taitung counties on the coast see all traces of it, especially in Taitung County on the East River, pony, Chungli, a successful producer, and other places along the coast, the best texture, skin triclosan ice, crystal, a great reward Stone's favorite home.

Stone features:

As the 'appearance' with 'watermelon' tumor-like changes in the characteristics, and by the long-term water immersion run, it is easy to form an excellent form of characters. The single peaks, the peaks and caves Diego landscape of stone, but also quite handsome. Another exceptional performance of the lines' beauty 'invisible stone, the stone is the love of family favorites.

Song Ma Yuan Wang plans to play the goose

The Eastern Jin Dynasty calligrapher Wang Xizhi geese like to see dance goose neck and calligraphy know of, has written with goose-for-Sanin priests. This figure Wang Pine Hill sat in lotus, two White is playing in the water.

Qing Emperor Qianlong Pastel de Ling Qing porcelain snuff bottle collection

Pastel de edge porcelain bottles and Qing Emperor Qianlong, the high-6cm, abdominal diameter 3.1cm. Palace collection.

Yan Hu was de prism, NECKING, gold-plated copper chisel to spend to build, even under the gold-plated copper spoon. Neck painted blue color paper, neck, shoulder-phase decorated with beaded patterns Department a week, under the deformation Lianban Wen Hui. Shoulder, abdomen was 6 melon-like edge. Pastel de rolling broken branches on the edge of flowers, elegant colors and fine patterns. Office space for the de Shanhu Hong Ling, from top to bottom with decorative gold color, bring out your Yanhu the Furama. Zhuanshu foot inside the red color, "Qianlong" the fourth paragraph.

Gold woodpecker

1986 Fengxiang in Shaanxi Qin Gong One large tomb unearthed. 1.5 long, high-1.6cm.

Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty Buddhist appliances

Three feet religious Ming gilt bronze incense burner appliances 18 cm high

Such is used to burn incense censer and the San simmer. Sang simmer boss of Tibetan Buddhism as a form of prayer has become a unique Tibetan customs. Respect for the earth gods, with sandalwood trees, pine, barbed Myricaria, wooden cuckoo flowers, incense purse, and so on Gansong simmer fire smoke, known as the San simmer.

Kim potted peach trees live longer

Kim potted peach trees live longer, money, the Department's Office made-made, high-29cm, high-basin 7.8cm.
Yinchui sort out divining stalks six square basin, under the broad convergence, along the basin, with roe on the rim for the pattern, Chanzhi decorated with peach and lotus nest alone. Outer side of each basin are open angle hook to clean moire light, the light within roe sort out divining stalks out of the ground game design myths and legends have to do with the "longevity" was related, namely the "Queen Mother of the drive Sally," "Laojun Alchemy," "fairy mining Peach, "and" by Lao Zi Niu, "" Boy Xian Shou "," Man Qian (Dongfang Shuo) to steal peaches. " Middle of a basin Tenon, screw, plug the tree with gold. Kim peach tree trunk in order to sort out divining stalks Gympie game shape, set the tree inserted, welding the three main branch. Group leaves, gold to tangle, branch of the slot into the appropriate location, right hand side of the chisel blade is also decorated with carved leaves for the tendons. Peach are up for the gold, ruby for embedded petals, as the Pearl-tipped stamens. Peach is also by welding, surface patterns and chisel carved roe college life patterns. Department then branches near the top gold fixed 4 Butterfly, butterfly gold piece for the wing, and under the wings to the body to gold bent foot, tentacles, mouth parts, and so on, lively sophisticated, Canada tied under the flexible Gold, by slightly moving, swaying posture of Health, lightly fluttering like, special ingenuity.
Kim Kyung this bonsai Yinpen sharp contrast, the peach tree density has caused King home. Its very sophisticated technology, the lack of a tree is not difficult to find traces of welding. Although Yin Pen as a result of oxidation and long-time black, but the hammer of the sort out divining stalks very fine patterns. Bonsai the birthday of clear-cut theme, the one with Silverlit reflected rich atmosphere.

Decorated with Golden Delicious (North-yan)

26 cm-high, in September 1965 in Liaoning Province North West votes in the county government-run North-Yan Feng-wide tomb unearthed in Liaoning Provincial Museum.

Gold earring (Warring States)

5 cm long, with a total weight of 17.3 grams in May 1979 Zhungeer Xigou banks of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 2, Hun tomb unearthed, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Museum.

Phoenix pear racks in the Ming Dynasty

High-1685mm, width at the bottom of 1760mm

Department of waist mounted between the two cross-Cheng three Toudiao Phoenix constitute brand, beautiful patterns, is heavy throughout the hanger on the decorative play a key role. Up early at both ends of the brain, Yuan Diao spent over a leaf. Where to pay anyway by, have carved teeth angle. This is not the Ming Dynasty hanger goods.

Old Pear high handrails low-back chair Ming Dynasty

915mm high

Shaotui goose neck after a single lap, not even to do with the Tuizu, linear species strong, flexible. Back plate is the point of doing eye, carved, the upper relief mission profile, the actual phase; the middle of a long, flat wood veneer, wood grain to show its own changes; under paragraph Juan Cao Liang Wen-pin, and echoed in the preceding paragraph.

Beech high-back chairs in the Ming Dynasty

Su Ming Dynasty-style chairs one of the more obvious features of the backrest is high, this high chair 1150mm, is a standard for the Soviet Union in the Ming Dynasty chair, a higher level of technology.

Gold gilt bronze saddle of the Qing Dynasty

Gold gilt bronze saddle of the Qing Dynasty

Life of appliances

33.3 cm-high, 42 cm-long

This is the Tibetan local government to use the top of the saddle. This pair of saddle at both ends of the set with turquoise and Toudiao Ssangyong, Ssangyong carving also outside pedal, and Loudiao gold process are very skilled.

Gilt bronze elephant of the Qing Dynasty

Gilt bronze elephant of the Qing Dynasty

Bearing instruments used in the high 31 cm

This gilt bronze elephant statue is placed instruments used in the bearing. Elephant nose curled up, said Xiangfo Sincerely. This gold-technology skills, the experience is still bright for hundreds of years unabated.

Tubo body armor

Tubo Body armor-high 31 cm

This is the Tibetan PO wearing the helmet. There are five statues helmet and set with turquoise, rock crystal, pearls and rubies, and so on, very delicate work, reflect the level of their skills. PO wear helmets five Buddha, at the time showed that Tibetan Buddhism has achieved a dominant position.

Buddha(Sakyamuni) statue

Copper Buddha statue, high 21cm, width 15.8cm.

Luo Ji as high, there glabella Pekoe, Dimei letter head, sharp nose, big ears, a scarf bare right shoulder, left-handed Indian meditation Shi, imprinted right hand touch-Shi, in the end Yang Jiafu Zuo Angiopteris on review. Block after the cut-ming, says: "Release monks Chi-wai gaze Dingnan Zhongren Zhi Zhong Zhong Rengui Renshou letter Young's wife and children, a good single-odd families, and other heart-fat Sakyamuni Buddha cast a non-South Buddhas increase by the Bank Xing Tian Hu Chi Lai-Sheng Fu-year-old newspaper endless August 2002 of the Rat-Yuan Wang Ri would like to question. "

Annals of the Yuan Dynasty bronze Buddha statues were relatively few, as typical of the "Vatican" imaging features of the Yuan Dynasty Buddhist study is valuable information.

you pan tripod

you pan tripod ,high-20.2cm, width 16.4cm, weight 2.26kg.

This shallow ding round belly, the second straight ears, three Kui-foot flat, there is every likelihood the central foot plate. Neck decorated with Shoumian Wen, in the middle Shoumian raised a manifestation edge, like Shoumian nose.

In the past, the archaeological excavation and handed down a collection of goods, with less set-ting. Such a tripod in the shape of Baoji City in Shaanxi Province Chuang Ru in the Western Zhou Dynasty tombs have been unearthed one.

Pan Wen Chi Mirror

Pan Wen Chi mirror with a diameter of 19.3cm, weight 0.527kg.
Cylindrical button, a circular button hollow blocks, raised in the mirror back, there are three groups of Peep, the main pattern for each of the three sites of the end winding Chi-lung, mouth Nu Zhang Chi, a long kiss up and down each tooth, head unicum, I held high enough before, tuck. City of Life is full of decorative patterns. To the circular pattern with the white triangle pattern composed of the mine. Volume-edge.
According to the Mirror a lesson from this, is the daily life of appliances. China was first unearthed in the mirror of the times for the Qijia Culture period, but up to the Spring and Autumn Period, bronze mirrors the production and use is not widespread in the Warring States period, before mass production.

Prince afternoon tripod

- 62 cm high, 63 cm long Bi Xichuan County of Henan Province in 1978 under the Temple of Henan Museum is unearthed

Columbia's seven-ding

Prince afternoon tripod is the Spring and Autumn Period Chu bronze, unearthed in a tomb in a group of a total of seven Tongding, engraved on a tripod, "Prince afternoon," the words, seven Youtaidaoxiao with tripod, as shown in tripod, this is the one The largest one.

Pan Fu-6

Prince afternoon tripod wide-body, Waist, flat, vertical ramps ears, mouth a week thick edge, who is around six relief for the Pan Fu-Kuilong, the beast I Yaozhao Kouyan tripod, the tripod foot catch Lumbar hoop so that the tripod in the wind around cigarettes in up fly feeling.

tripod covered for the topping-out micro-arc, Won-shaped button. Cover, neck and abdominal wall inscriptions were cast, abdominal-ming, 84 characters, accounts for Prince afternoon for the use and extol their own merit.

First-class level

Prince of the tripod afternoon after casting welded together using a tenon mao, the intermediary of such new ideas, the superb artistry, at the time of the world, is first-class level.

Red silk double-headed stone Ruishou

Zhoukou City, Henan Province, are now relics stores have a collection of stone sculptures of the Tang and Song Dynasties period treasures - double-headed Ruishou. (Figure) of the stone carving stone Chek Huang, Hong Si Wen lingering in Shishou, a high-18 cm, 23 cm long; two Ruishou the air in the head, were Niuxiang around and Woyu a circular stone blocks of On. The left side of a right leg after a rose-like, right down the right side of a left ear with his head connected, as in Salisbury torsion fur. Tongshenhunyuan fullness, have lower beard. Block 22 cm diameter circle, 4 cm high, flat bottom. Ruishou shape like lions, open mouth Jan neck, the four heads Nuzheng, as if they are subject to attack, to jump to the same exciting. The use of carved Yuandiao, Daofa SR wide smooth, outlined strong, nuanced characterizations, physical vivid, touching Yitai, with a high degree of realism, shows that the ancient stone carving craftsmen who can create and exquisite artistry.
September 1, 2007, Henan, "Kam Po river Zhoukou line activities," members of the Group of Experts on separate pieces of artifacts were identified, experts believe that this matter of the Tang and Song Dynasties period of the town of seats.
This cultural heritage is Zhoukou City store in May 2006 came from the private collection, assembly sites for the ancient city of Henan Fugou Xian Cui Qiaozhen village. According to those involved memories of the patrimony of this on, have a good-flattering for generations. Cultural Revolution, get rid of the "four olds", the father of the parties as young Qisheng, into the home with wood Bangchui hit on this stone, resulting in the leg after two Ruishou small residual. After repeatedly to dissuade their families, this can be spared and of hiding. Parties to the neighbors, the elderly Wang Yaokui Rogachev, this stone carving works really lot of time, he seven-year-old (in 18 years), in the local temple, seen.
According to information is, seats from the town of the Han Dynasty beginning of the epidemic. At that time, because the seats and seat-woven textile seats. I weave them in the category Most of the crude Liang Xi, Xi Zhu organization. And the use of the seats at the same time there is a seat 1.40 on the items, "the town" with copper, jade, stone made. "Dictionary of Antiquities Collections in diagram" (Li Jinyun
Editor-in-chief in Bingwen, Zhejiang People's Publishing House published in March 2002), introduced: "I shop, in order to avoid-up at the presentation of Volume I Kok, usually in the home town of Siyu. Texture is the town of jade, bronze, stone , Lead quality, and so on. "Relevant information also," since the Han Dynasty-town seats, but not beyond that. " Then, according to this characteristic stone artifacts, was designated as the Tang and Song period of the town of stone seats, a certain truth.
In order to facilitate the understanding of readers Zhu Jun, special history books will be on the accounts of the Lions in mind, for reference.
According to "Han Shu-Western Regions", containing: "Zhang Di chapter and the first year (Year 87), (the rest) Qian Shi Xian division (lion) of, at Stubbs." Yuan said that in the rest of Western Asia (equivalent to Iran today) to send envoys to the then-Zhangdiliuhuan brought a rare gift and the Lions at Stubbs (a no-CHU angle of the animals). This was in the States Luoyang caused no small stir. This lion from the guests from afar began into the Chinese folk life, not only by the courtesy, but people love it there and, respect as "Ruishou" Taidao with the same tiger in the King of the beast Status. Therefore, the lion is in China more as a myth of the animals, and to become China's Kirin Lingshou. Hui Lin Tang Dynasty monk said: "Suan Ni is also a lion, to the Western Regions." Li Shizhen "Compendium of Materia Medica" said: "lion to Western countries, as long beasts." Lion in China have made such good luck, also benefited from Buddhism came to China during the Han. "Dengxia recorded": "Advent of the Buddha Sakyamuni, the days of a finger, a finger, for Shizi Hou said 'the sky underground, Exclusive'."
So the Lions will be regarded as a solemn Buddhist auspicious animals and the preparation of the gods and worship. Many temples in the Wutai Mountain, both houses of Manjusri Bodhisattva riding like a lion. The legend of the Division of human wisdom of the Union Bodhisattva Manjusri is riding a lion first came to Mount Wutai is the manifestation. With this, and so the lion's authority, Han and Tang Dynasties, the tomb of the emperor, Guizhou graves began to appear before the House traces of the lions. At that time, but only in the tomb graves home front, as the Shinto Shen Shou, often with Shima, Danyang, such as stone statue of Health and emissions together, to frighten, to create the psychological fear. At that moment, the stone lions have not entered the civil population, in the form and later also on the stone lions guarding the door to a significantly different characteristics, the stone lion statues Below is not tall stone pedestal, in the Han and Tang relics of ancient stone lions Can see that. At present, China's oldest existing stone lions,is County, Ya'an in Sichuan high-yee tomb stone lions, when relics of the Han. Song-two generations of the Zhou Dynasty bronze collected by the fine print of the painting, there are three-dimensional image of a lion.
In lions carved, because of China's use of vivid carvings division creative ways to stone lions carved in the very realistic, completely by the Chinese stone lions of the. The basic form is curling, magnificent. To the Tang Dynasty, stone lions carved art is peaked. The stone lions in different dynasties modeling have different characteristics: the Han, Tang, tough Weimeng; Yuan Dynasty when the body Shouchang, effectively; Ming and Qing dynasties, more gentle……
At the same time, participation in the identification of experts finds that: This stone carving works of precious stone materials - Hongsi stone.
Hongsi stone produced in Shandong Qingzhou, a major red varieties, liver color, yellow, and so on. Some of both Hui Huang, Hung Wen and other Sesi, texture Qianzibaitai, colourful, with its mixed; some may cloud water, like Yue Yun, also like flowers; like Animals and Birds, like people, Yousi peaks and also Some middle quartz inclusions, such as breaking the ice without cracking Wen others with green stone eyes, or the yellow stripe, and sparkling purple line, and so on. Unreal Shenmiao, endless changes, constitute a stone unique to Hong Si Wen-Cai.
This spread in the civil centuries, or even more than the Millennium stone works, and finally resume their "true colors."

"Kunlun slave," sitting squat figurines

In 1965 the old city of Luoyang Panlong village of the Northern Wei Dynasty graves of the Sun Xiaowen Di, the second son of Qinghe Wang Yi yuan, Changshan Wang Shao yuan in the tomb unearthed more than 100 pieces of pottery figurine, Ceramic Qinghui, head and body of each model into a system formed, Shi Fencai appearance, armor, clothing Tu Zhu Cai. A warrior Ma Kai, An Jian samurai, a warrior shield and advocate Cleveland, Wenli, servants, Jile, slaves, Hunni, such as image, reflecting the Xianbei nobles luxury Jiaoshe life. One pottery unearthed a "Kunlun Nu" Dunzuo figurines, modeling real, strange idea, particularly intriguing. (AP) This figurines 9.5 centimeters high and legs for Quan Su-Dunzuo, Baotou right hand, left hand on Hengzhishuangxi, Maitou the two arms in between, only open curling. The red underwear, with Yao Shu, longituba enough to wear boots, and vividly depicts a mixed juvenile bow Yanmian, shrink the image together, it is to see after that, imagination (now of Luoyang Museum).

Pottery figurine as funerary objects, before they appeared in the Warring States period. Warring States period, the feudal landlord class as a people recognize the importance of labor value, the proposed abolition of the slave society who sati system, and large production "as" the pottery, wood, bronze figurines, figurines substitute sati. This TAO "Kunlun slave" Dunzuo figurines that the Northern Wei Dynasty Royal Munei one of the funerary objects, it reflects the bureaucratic elite or the rich Northern Dynasties room house in a Waizu slaves. As for Dunzuo-shaped pottery figurine, we see that it is only the bare curling and Zhang Tongxue, but feel the compassion it is sad that the feeling is after can not help but want to see: Where is he People » How old » How come here » He was in labor after slumbered, or the parents of missing family and secretly crying » This shows that the ancient pottery figurine sculptor rich imagination and superb art can have a subtle, mysterious fun, realism and romanticism is the perfect combination.

China's earliest accepted Siyi tributary began in the Qin Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty after the slaves are Waizu. "Kunlun", in ancient China in addition to the Kunlun Mountains, also refers to black things, the ancients used this justice, black skin who were collectively known as the Kunlun Mountains. "Kunlun slave" is China's ancient alien slaves, colour black, it is generally believed that to the Indians, it was also considered to be black Africans. Kunlun is a so-called Pan said, referring to non-professionals in a particular area or country. "Kunlun slave" as Waizu slaves were sold to China, as a feudal society after the sale of the servants, the basic characteristics of the colour black, curling, and the Central Plains Han Huang skin, straight hair different, so when the call for its "Kunlun slave." Most of these people being trafficked to Turkey, or fine study music and dance, for human entertainment, or slaves, for the owner of servitude.

Northeast China's Northern Wei Dynasty nomadic Xianbei ethnic Tuoba the establishment of the Department of the regime. Northern Wei Xiao Wendi Tuoba Hong enthronement, determined finished, in the year 494, Qianduluoyang, Luoyang in the Northern Dynasties regime has become political, economic and cultural centre. Xiao Wendi Qiandouluoyang after the Northern Wei Dynasty tomb, located in Luoyang City of Henan Province to the north of Mang Mountain Hill area. Sun Yuan Shao served as its general Wei, Henan, and other key Yin, the first year of single buried Wouters (528), the Tomb of the old city of Luoyang City in this four kilometers northeast of the southern village of Panlong mound Mang Mountain Hill Banpo. His tomb in a funerary goods in the domestic servants of the deceased as "Kunlun Nu" is in real life a lot, "Kunlun slave," or bureaucratic elite as the Northern Dynasties Room slaves of the rich. Kunlun slave with the Han tomb with the other slaves to that of the Xianbei ethnic Speaking of the Northern Wei Dynasty imperial clan elite, to the orthodox Chinese claims, with the exception of Han slavery, servitude to other minorities.

Western Chou Su bells Jinhou

Li Wang Western Zhou Dynasty (mid-ninth century BC) bells for the group of bronze musical instruments. The group bells large and small, large high 52 cm, 22 cm high small, are Ningbo bell. Bell engraved with both the regular text, a total of 355 inscriptions carved the words, the two final 10 minutes for the second line of 11 characters. Inscriptions are carved with a sharp object cutting, Daohen very obvious, inscriptions can Lianzhui, fully documented Zhou Li Wang 33 years (846 BC) New Year 8, Jinhou Su Su Yi ordered cutting the entire process. 1992,12, the Shanghai Museum from the Hong Kong antiques Si found this set of bells in the 14 and return to rescue .1993 early, Shanxi Jinhou tomb unearthed in the archaeological excavation of the remnants of two small bells, shapes and 14 Su-10-minute Jinhou the same size and text Can Lianzhui, confirmed on Bo from Hong Kong's return to the rescue 14 minutes and the excavations unearthed two 10-minute original to the same tomb, this set of bells integrity of the number should be 16.

GU Jing Zhou - Shuanghuan pot

This pot carcass is very delicate because of long-term Bawan surface and showing a shiny, Hushen for the cylinder-shaped, the bridge-covered buttons, set to double loop. Huzui pinch-precision, the water does not stay smooth trickle-down. Puzhi handle clemency. The overall shape Meaningful calm, the atmosphere.

jade eagle

Western Zhou Dynasty. Green, a little chicken bone white. - Chen Shui-bian, the same two Shiwen. Hawk-like stand for football, Qiao Qi, neck Protrusion, round head, hooked beak, curved dorsal fin Chui, Haneo under close. Jaw wear a cervical roots are available in Perry. Peculiar shape. Tengxian unearthed in 1979 in Shandong. Tibet is now in Tengzhou City Museum.

7.6 cm high

0.4 cm thick

Snails and angels - Daly

Bronze

1977-1984

185 cm

long-107 cm

high 149 cm

235 kg

Daly snails in the world occupy a very important position, as it reflects the spirit of Father Daly 150th Fuluoyide psychological philosophy. Especially in the early days of surrealism movement, Dali's works contain a lot of psychological factors. He does not think that anything out from the occurrence, so when he's outside the room to see Fuluoyide pegged at a snail's pace on the bike, think of a person's brain, the brain is like Fuluoyide. Daly snail shell on the geometry and internal structure is very fascinating, like eggs, hard, soft inside. Snail slow, leisurely pace of the universe, the representative of the time, and Daly was contradictory to plug in the wings for the speed, making it fast and wavy slide. Sculpture of an angel Shoufu snail's back, giving it an unlimited speed.

Bird-shaped spoon

Bird-shaped spoon, early Warring States Period, high 7.9 cm, length 17 cm, diameter of 8 cm.

Spoon are oval, won at the end of Quanzu, who is the front of the processes of bird-shaped Diaoshi, after a single stalk contrast, a flat-shaped handles, on the Jin-Wen Fan Ru.

drinker spoon is the scoop. This spoon is Quanzu, Wen Wen Jian placed on, is an alcohol can be used to direct the artifacts. Western Zhou Dynasty unearthed in Shaanxi an era of similar objects - "father of Grand Mercure Baigong", with the inscriptions on the mind: "Baigong father for the Grand Mercure, and satisfy the use discretion." Inscriptions in the said items such as Jue, So This fact has been spoon with the functions of the Grand Mercure Cup.

Plumage patterns of the four ears Fou

Plumage patterns of the four ears Fou

high-40 cm, diameter 21.6 cm, abdominal diameter 42.3 cm, early Warring States Period.

Fou-round, straight neck, round shoulders, big belly, Quanzu, the first title in four animal ears ring. Neck, abdomen decorative feather pattern, shoulder decorated Panchi profiling, Fuxia played down the Department of profiling, Chui Wen leaves for Shoumian Wen.

This is for Qinggong Jiucang heritage, cooked pit.

Jade beer

To. Brown green. Yuandiao, with a Dunzuo. Tau Wei Tai, a triangular face, big eyes small ears, mouth open tongue, forelimb Baoxi. Back decorated moire. Penetrating neck from top to bottom of the hole, the Department of Shengpei zone. Buttocks under the hole, a hole traces of cinnabar. Formerly brown, light green back, body fat Han stay, Diaogong concise skill. 1976 UNIFEM Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan good tomb unearthed. Property of National Museum of Chinese History.

Jade bird

Western Zhou Dynasty. Pale yellow. Yuandiao, with a Fuwo. Zuijian, under the presentation of bills catch, Liangjiao curved wings Shangqiao, bending the tail down, and the two full support of the body. Characterization of a square head eyes, who Kechu feathers. Mouth of a hole, can wear line. Body fat, vivid image. 1964 tombs unearthed in Luoyang, Henan Province. Tibetan cultural relics in Luoyang City is the Task Force.

5 cm high

7.8 cm long

Yuren headdress

Longshan culture of the Neolithic Age. Milky white, brown partial erosion. Of a flat, head for Ceshi to overcast

Gan Lanxing line carved a head, oval-shaped head a Faji, eagles Gouxing nose, mouth Wei Zhang, a Waitu behind the ear-shaped ridge . The first under the neck and mouth, wearing a hole for the Department of Perry. Shenmu unearthed in Shaanxi.

Property of the Shaanxi Provincial Museum. 4.5 cm high

Dingyao white glaze beacon care

Dingyao white glaze beacon care, Song, high 6.5 cm, diameter 8.6 cm, foot diameter 8.2 cm.
Beacon care on a cup-shaped, Kouyan without glaze, I asked copper inlay, Quanzu of charge-offs. Oxfam, the white glaze, and I asked Kouyan Cup decorated a paper each week.
This beacon modeling regular care, glaze Wenrun, simple decoration, a handsome and functional characteristics.

GUANYAO red and green color Ganoderma profile three-legged furnace

Ming Chenghua (Year 1465 - 1487) GUANYAO red and green color Ganoderma profile three-legged furnace
- 14 cm high
1994 Jingdezhen the Royal factory unearthed Guzhi Pearl Club
Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute of Archaeology
Straight neck, micro-Gufu, Lianger Huzhuang within a bend, Kouyan played two Xianwen, dog-shaped legs. , Mount white glaze. Choi Chanzhi decorative wall outside the margin of Ganoderma lucidum, fill the red and bauxite. Blue and white circle painted at the end of double-double of the Chenghua. Volume for both ears in this, for that rare porcelain furnace for the goods handed down in the no.

The CIZHOU Heiyou tick Huajiu altar

This CIZHOU the tick Heiyou Huajiu altar, 30 centimeters high, 11 cm diameter and 18.8 cm diameter at the end. Small lip, straight neck, shoulder slipped, with a round belly, short Quanzu. Shi Heiyou, enamel layer near the bottom of hypertrophy, with dark brown glaze, the plot flash Chu green glaze. No glaze at the bottom, Taizhi coarse pine, with gravel, was Huihe Se. Under the shoulder and abdomen were four rotating pattern, will be divided into two, abdominal, a middle way decorated Chanzhi tick Hand carved patterns. Intact.
This is the Inner Mongolia region kiln mouth of the products produced. Since the mouth of the Western Xia Dynasty kiln to Kim, fired Cizhou Yao types of porcelain, extensive Hammer, with obvious northern ethnic style.

Chinese national treasures of the 16 bells

16 bells bells for the 80 birthday of Qianlong, with more than 11,000 two gold casting a size 16, to set different thickness of the sound of the bells. Top and bottom are Ping, abdominal diameter slightly larger, 10-minute top-button Interchange, 10 minutes of the two processes Xianwen divided into three decorations, decorated the upper Cheung moire, middle-decorated Youlong theater, filling the gap to the waves And moire, the lower deck circle for eight processes, 1.40 decorated with streaming moire.

Bells size, weight are basically the same, because 10 minutes of different thickness thin, when a percussion different tone. This ancient form of heavy bells, the momentum of the grand, magnificent color, ornamentation of the cast are, but exquisite detail, showing the high level of technology.

China's bells is an ancient musical instruments, as early as the Shang and Zhou period has already appeared, but the bronze bells are made, such as Zenghou Yi tomb unearthed bronze bells is one of the representative works. This set of bells in gold production, unprecedented, the total weight of 460,818 grams, consuming staggering. Qing Dynasty emperors advocating Shemi, at resources, not only has a huge number of gold and silver, and gold and silver and other precious metals to produce large objects become common practice. In addition to this set of bells, when the production of the Qianlong pagoda, 5.33 meters high, weighing 350 kg, weighing equipment is rare. Qing Dynasty palace for both gold and silver on the high number, form large, are less than the previous generation.

16 bells is the emperor of Qing Dynasty held a ceremony for the use of musical instruments. Baiguan have an audience with the emperor at home bells, and other instruments on the Dan Chi, Zhonggu Qi-ming, cymbals phase and, more melodious sound-and the majestic backdrop of a sacred emperor, supreme. Is owned by the Qing Emperor is one of the important ceremony, a very high status. Notes the high and low, is 10 minutes from the Baohou wall consisting of, at the Royal gift, when the emperor身处in court, looking at the sky when smoked smoked but the tone will undoubtedly emperor, a non-Dousheng to no to,独步Heaven and Earth, into a sense of God's Shen Yi.

Western Zhou Dynasty's casual

As early as inscriptions on bronze in the Shang Dynasty had a medium-term, than Oracle's earlier era. However, in the Western Zhou Dynasty, cast in bronze, carved inscriptions was greatly popular culture, Jufan worship, war, reward, and other major events, or even contract, have been on record in the Bronze Age

Powder's disc unearthed in the Kangxi years, Jiaqing years was Jingong Shangjing, Emperor Jiaqing celebrate the birthday as a gift, from a royal collection. - A total of 357 inscriptions on the word, is recorded in the late Western Zhou Dynasty of land leases. Fengxiang Baoji in Shaanxi Province today, scattered around the country, the north-west of the occupied land, the two countries Yihe, Kanding borders, the Gede compensation process and the contract was in the cast, as proof. Powder's disk shape and decoration were all the late Western Zhou Dynasty bronze simple style, text lines Wanzhuan Smart, the Western Zhou Dynasty Jin important is to study the material. Powder's abdomen was decorated Wen Kui, among the first to three relief beast, played on the high Quanzu Shoumian Wen. Inscriptions of words between the words and faint that the text-field line sector, is the typical style of inscriptions late Western Zhou Dynasty

The late Western Zhou Dynasty famous bronze. Also called "people-arrow." Daoguangnianjian the Qing Dynasty unearthed in Shaanxi Baoji-Secretary Guo. Qianlong had hidden in the House. The world known for its lengthy inscriptions.

Powder's high-Quanzu, about Lianger, over-decorated Shi, solemn gorgeous. Cast inscriptions on the disk at the end, a total of 375 characters. Is a very prominent style of work. Calligraphy Hunpu its majestic, pristine character use a pen uninhibited, Dunhou sleek, guitar-Qi Jun sent word in pure, magnificent scene. Jin is a solemn, have cursive of the fluent, open the "grass Zhuan" client.

Dayan's exquisite decoration Yudai

Dayan Yudai decorated with nearly oval-shaped, white jade quality, shiny Wenrun Sau-ying. Loukong positive multi-level mining techniques, showing Dayan wear channeling in Hawthorn Weicong the situation. Back, a central rectangular box, shallow surface relief wishful moire, on both sides of the box containing copper Daikou, for the wearing of leather belt use.

Dayan Yudai decorated with the patterns of the Xianbei, the Nuzhen people's living habits on. According to Liao, Jin historical records, every spring, the emperor were to the bank rate Chenzai "Hai Dong Qing" hunting wild geese and geese, the so-called "Spring Na", Bo-ming from the dark, geese panic flight, the five Square Hai Dong Qing Qing Jin Uighur, the emperor-worship of the award, Uighur escapement geese falling. " Hai Dong Qing, a hawk, mainly in the Nvzhen Ren's hometown ─ Heilongjiang River, the very small size but good at catching wild geese, geese and other large-shaped birds, often forcing the channeling hiding in the lotus leaf, reed of. Liao, Jin's clothing, eagle escapement common to catch the moment for the goose decorative patterns. Gold contained in the history of, "from the Spring of clothes and miscellaneous many Uighur catch geese flower decoration," Therefore, we call this type of decoration theme "Spring."

Still visible to the Yuan Dynasty, "Spring" as a theme costumes. And the Ming Dynasty, because of ethnic differences, "Spring" in the nomadic hunting qualities faded, so often only see wild geese and eagles not the case. This retained the Yuan Dynasty jade ornaments decorated with the oval shape, and style is also close to the Yuan Dynasty: miscellaneous level instead of chaos, lines round the dark and Sleek, but only to stay in the Netherlands Dayan in穿行Lin, and no Uighur Eagle Xunshou the screen, we estimate that it may be produced in a turn of the transition period.

Qia China and the United States of chicken wire enamel days Zun

Qia chicken wire enamel-day high respect for fetal copper 25.8 cm / wide 9.0 cm / up to 21.0 cm / weighing about 3535 g, Antique Bronze Chicken respect form, Fung and the first back "T"-shaped ridge of gold-plated, the remaining light green and Oxfam Blue Man in all kinds of decorative feather pattern, abdominal decorated Shoumian Wen, horn-mouth decorated Chanzhi flowers, and decorated Guaizai Lung, and so changed, both feet squatted on the axle, Wei Yu and the volume within the system of wheels for Lou Block, for - Solemn, glaze clear-lai, is on display for good. According to pink, purplish red glaze, and so on, should be the late 18th century artifacts.

Southern Song Dynasty lotus leaf Gaiguan Qingyou

Southern Song Dynasty Qingyou Gaiguan lotus leaf collection in the Museum of Sichuan Song Ci, straight-to-mouth, Duanjing, round shoulders, Gufu, round feet. Covered central uplift, Beattie button verge for the lotus leaf curl-ups and downs. Hunyuan who is dignified, elegant cover a dynamic, static and dynamic combination of a very beautiful shape. The high-31.3 cm, diameter 23.8%, 16.8 cm foot diameter, thickness from 2 to 2.5 cm. Taizhi delicate white, Taigu thick. Typical plum Qingyou, thick glaze, color Crystal Run, seamless. Gaiguan as the Southern Song Dynasty lotus leaf, but to understand.

Ca Mau luxurious existence Cup

Qianlong of the Ca Mau Cup for the existence of the National Palace Museum artifacts made by the representative of the court. 12.5 cm high, 8 cm diameter, 5 cm high foot, mouth Bian engraved with a paper. - According to "Neiwu Fu Huoji file" records, the Qianlong emperor of the production of this cup very seriously, not only calls within the gold, pearls, precious stones and other precious materials, and Seiko secret agents, has repeatedly amended, until the emperor satisfied. Therefore, the emperor of Qing Dynasty Cup has been regarded as precious ancestral magic weapon.

"Ca Mau" implication of state power, called "Ca Mau existence" is always reflect the consolidation of political power to maintain a desire. It is the annual New Year's Qing Dynasty emperors held a special ceremony at the T glasses. Whenever visible on New Year's Day, the emperor Yang Xindian, "Ca Mau existence Cup" on the long red sandalwood, into the Su Tu wine, the pro-burning candles, filed a brush down to pray for peace in Jiangshan Sajik existence of the Kyrgyz language.

Zhang made of the moire-Diaoqi

Zhang Yuan is Diaoqi everyone, handed down its work was unanimously considered to be in the works Diaoqi treasures. Zhang Cheng, Diaoqi moire was made for representatives of the National Palace Museum lacquer works. High 3.3 cm, diameter 19.2 cm. Fetal-Black lacquer wood, both inside and outside Thai moire. Heap very thick paint, as crystal, engraved workers rounded. Zhang Cheng, Diaoqi from making a moire-tick of the rhinoceros disc know Zhang is not only master-tick, tick rhinoceros skills are superb extreme, Zhang Cheng, Diaoqi moire-made for the study of the Yuan Dynasty tick rhinoceros provide a reliable and attractive examples of .

Tong'an kiln characteristics outlined

In the current Fujian Tongan Xian, Gu Ming. Celadon mainly to burn, and burn Green white porcelain. Tong'an celadon, the Japanese called the "pearl celadon."
Characteristics:
1, a heavy carcass, a child-Hui Huang, gray, yellow powder variety.
2, or glaze qing HUANG Hui Huang, especially the Song Dynasty, glaze Pianhuang.
3, set to products, mainly bowls, bottles, cans, heaters. Tang Dynasty porcelain bowl with thick flat mainly children, no decoration. In the Song Dynasty porcelain platters and bowls, for both the Department of Bi zoned Hand carved ornamentation, for the moment linear decoration, more than a bowl of heart Aoru circle Waterloo, Waterloo, some in the circle designated a flower. Two-furnace, one of敞口, the lower part of relief Lianban Wen, in charge-offs for under foot on the other Zhitong shape, Quanzu, who described Lianban Wen furnace. Under the multi-bottle pack, bottle-zoned Xianwen. Yuan Dynasty celadon-Yin Wen Beas heart and India.
4, Green celadon and white porcelain decoration basically the same, more than a bowl of heart small round Waterloo, bottles and more characterization of the wall by the fine line linear cross-section of the ramp-profile.

Jade knowledge

First, by way of Hetian jade output points, divided into mountain since ancient times on the two production and aquaculture. Of fish known as jade, middle-of-call Baogai. Cai Yu, in accordance with local and Hetian jade output of different circumstances, be divided into Shan Liu, mountain water, sub-three.
Liu Yu-shan and famous, or Yu-Bao Gai told that produced in the mountains of the original ore. Hill is expected the characteristics of large and small block, with angular-shaped, often better-quality jade.
Mountain water is the primary ore caving weathering by water transport to the upper reaches of the river in jade. Its characteristics are the primary ore from the past, block of larger angular slightly Moyuan, a smooth surface.
---Also known as Kodama, refers to the original mine removal to erosion by flowing water in the river jade. Its characteristics are blocks of small, often oval, smooth surface. Because of long-term handling, erosion, separation, so-general of better quality. Classified by different colors
Second, and Hetian jade color can be different: white jade, Qingyu, Moyu, topaz four categories.
White jade color from white to Qingbaikou, diverse; can be divided into green and white jade Bai Yang Zhi. Yang Zhi Bai Yang Zhi for-like, Gu Ming. Delicate texture, "such as the cut-off white fat", in particular Zi Yun Guangrun, a gang of people to see Sophie's feeling, which is white jade son-in the best varieties, the world's only Hotan of Xinjiang have this variety, output is Scarce and extremely expensive. Green white jade in white as the keynote, in white jade green flash in the Yin Yin, flashing blue, gray flash, a white jade green and white jade transitional species, and Hetian jade in the more common.
Topaz from light yellow to Shenhuang Se, characterized from the inside, are yellow, Li Huang, okra yellow, yellow flower, yellow eggs, tiger, such as yellow color, topaz very rare, ancient "Huang Mou steamed pears" for those The best.
Qingyu by Dan Qingse to deep green, the color of many types, abundant reserves, is the history of jade collection or exploitation of the main varieties, the more common.
Mose Moyu from black to light, Mose mostly Yun Wuzhuang, banded, more common in Qingyu, white jade transition; generally have full-Mexican, Mexican-and Mexican points of the points, that is, the entire Mexican "black-lacquer such as" persons Shangpin is very rare. Moyu Most of the smaller pieces, with its black because of its more subtle graphite (carbon) by the scales.
And Tian Meiyu, the first theory, "Yang Zhi." And Tian Meiyu produced in so-called "million-Tsu" in the Kunlun Mountains, known in ancient and modern. Qin Li Si in his "advice Zhu Keling" listed in the four treasures Xi Shi, one of which is of Hetian jade. History last week's ceremony, Qin Yu Yuxi, Chinese jade clothing, the Tang-Lotus, the Song Yu Guanyin, the yuan Alexander Du Yuhai, the other sub-sub-Kong, and other famous jade carving of the raw materials are used and Hetian jade. Existing Leshou Tang of the National Palace Museum in Beijing, "Dayu flood control plans" is also used in Hetian jade, weighing 5,330 kilograms, for the history of our country's largest jade pieces, and the Emperor Qianlong personally Tishi. Ming Li Shizhen said: "middle-of Yiduo just independence to peace in Hetian jade." "Heavenly Creations of", he said: "All those precious jade…… do for Tian." Hetian jade in China and the great The ground leaving a brilliant chapter.
Hotan jade into Tsai Yu-shan and Liu. Yu said the river fishing, "Tsai Yu", high-quality, but production is low; ore mining is called Hill expected, the history books as "to attack Shan Cai Yu", higher yield, quality is uneven. And Hetian jade in particular, mainly middle-earners in the Yulong Kashgar River and Kalakashi River. The two River Shicheng Bai River, Moyu River, is the main origin of Hetian jade. "Xintang Shu" Description: "Yuhe, people moonlight night vision Sheng, Guo Bible." Hetian jade color can be divided into white jade, jasper, Qingyu, Moyu, topaz, blue and white, Hongyu, and so on. One of the most precious white jade is Yang Zhi-yu, condensate such as white fat. The present value of 1 kg Yang Zhi-up to more than 100,000 yuan. If a white jade in the amber of miscellaneous Banhen, higher value. Hill is expected through the jade-mining, mainly middle-county lies in the Kunlun Mountains in the region. And Hetian jade mines are located 5,000 meters above sea level in the Kunlun Mountains snow line, the exploitation period of one year only about four months. Mainly Qingyu and white jade, the finest white jade is not comparable to Tsai-yu.
And Hetian jade world-renown, Hotan jade carving is also world-renown. A unique and Hetian jade, hard texture and delicate, particularly the United States gives to the feelings, have been used for thousands of years of history, renowned at home and abroad. After Hetian jade carvings, pondering, can be made from all kinds of decorations and crafts. The late Tang dynasty Hotan jade carving industry has been. By Boyan of the Yuan Dynasty had to Hotan, in a white jade Buddha, the third year Sichi, such as color Yang Zhi, according to see all the bones and tendons Moge, a tribute that is at the top.
Soft - Second, the soft-geological characteristics of output Tarim Basin in the southern edge of the Kunlun Mountains - Aerjinshan area, from Yecheng to Qiemo, from West to Neusoft-veins Yanmian distribution of a point off more than 1,000 km, of which the Hotan River and Kalakashi, the Yulong Kashgar River nephrite The most famous and "Hetian jade" name widely circulated.
Soft jade produced in the direction of the North West - things - North East arc in the direction of the Kunlun Mountains in the groove fold uplift, the Department of acid rock, rock vein diorite intrusive rocks, quartz diorite, granite and diorite - Ma-like granite, syenite, and the Precambrian metamorphic rock of the dolomite marble, marble dolomitic calcite have contact metamorphism the product of a contact metamorphic rock category.
Dolomite marble, dolomite calcite marble in contact with the process of eradicating corruption, contact metamorphic belt, followed by a pillar of spinel stubborn fire pyroxenite, through pyroxenite, forsterite dolomite marble, dolomite tremolite Marble and soft jade, with the latter part of a soft jade - low-temperature hydrothermal alteration, such as serpentine, water magnesium petrochemical, chlorite, Waterloo petrochemical, silicified, calcite and altered.
Third, the soft-rock and minerals
1, mineral composition
Major minerals: tremolite - Yang from the stone. Secondary minerals: serpentine, ramps tetrahedrite epidote, diopside, chlorite, apatite, graphite, calcite, Xie Shi, chrome spinel, pyrrhotite, calcium chromium garnet, magnetite, Talc, limonite.
2, tremolite Tremolite - from stone-Actinolite parameters
1), story: tremolite from the discovery - Тремолит Valley and named because, from the stone-light comes from the Greek word актес, stone литос, also known as light stone.
2), soft-yu: Department of tremolite Tremolite (Ca2Mg5 [Si2O11] 2 [OH] 2) - from stone-Actinolite (from the iron-stone Ferroactinolite) (Ca2 (Mg, Fe) 5 [Si2O11] 2 [OH] 2 ), Mg-Fe between a fully isomorphism portfolio. According to "Курс Минералогии Госгеолиздат" А. Г. Бетехтин literature, soft-yu (Nephrite, Нефрит, Жад) from tremolite - from stone-composed of a microscopic needle-like crystal, fibrous, or collection of blankets radial - Aggregates, dense, very tough block.
3), physics parameters
Tremolite Color: white, gray. Light: 2-crystal negative character, 2 V = 85-90 ° light of the position: C ∧ Ng = 14 ° -18 ° b ∥ Nm, a ∧ Np = 5 °, dispersion γ <μ weak and the refractive index extended Ng : Ng = 1.625-1.640, Nm = 1.613-1.630, Np = 1.600-1.614, cleavage: (110) fully density: 2.95 g/cm3 Moldova's hardness :6-6.5
From stone - Color: green, light green. Light: 2-crystal negative character, 2 V = 75-88 ° light of the position: C ∧ Ng = 10 ° -20 ° b ∥ Nm, a ∧ Np = 5 °, dispersion γ <μ weak, extended Ng multicolor Of: Np-light green, Nm yellow - Yellow-green, Ng-Green. Refractive index: Ng = 1.641-1.655, Nm = 1.630-1.644, Np = 1.614-1.628, cleavage: (110) fully density :3.1-3 .3 g/cm3 Moldova's hardness :6-6.5
4), chemical parameters
Molecular formula: Ca2Mg5 [SiO2] 2 [OH] 2
Tremolite chemical constituents of the theoretical value (%): SiO2 58.8, MgO 24.6, CaO 13.8, H2O 2.8.
Yang Zhi-chemical composition (%): SiO256.08, TiO2 0.00, Al2O3 0.79, Fe2O3 0.50, FeO 0.78, MnO 0.07, MgO 24.82, CaO 13.23, Na2O 0.21, K2O 0.10, P2O50.03, SO30.16, CO20. 56, blanch loss of 3.02. (Made the Kunlun Mountains)
Bai chemical composition (%): SiO256.15, TiO2 0.08, Al2O3 1.02, Fe2O3 0.62, FeO 0.78, MnO 0.18, MgO 24.08, CaO 13.23, Na2O 0.21, K2O 0.10, P2O50.08, SO30.11, CO21.20, Blanch loss of 3.22. (Made the Kunlun Mountains)
Qingyu chemical composition (%): SiO253.34, TiO2 0.08, Al2O3 3.54, Fe2O3 1.28, FeO 1.84, MnO 0.18, MgO 21.78, CaO 12.73, Na2O 0.23, K2O 0.23, P2O50.08, SO30.11, CO21.20, Blanch loss of 4.02. (Made the Kunlun Mountains)
Bai Qing chemical composition (%): SiO257.60, TiO20.23, Al2O3 0.94, Fe2O3 0.04, FeO 0.85, MnO 0.06, MgO 24.37, CaO 12.62, Na2O 0.20, K2O 0.22, H2O +1.76, SO30.14, CO20. 42, blanch loss of 4.02. (Made the Kunlun Mountains)
Moyu chemical composition (%): SiO254.75, TiO2 0.00, Al2O3 1.34, Fe2O3 0.14, FeO 3.92, MnO 0.04, MgO 24.08, CaO 12.84, Na2O 0.23, K2O 0.10, P2O50.06, SO30.23, CO21.43 , Blanch loss of 1.86. (Made the Kunlun Mountains)
3, and rock-species
1), altered tremolite rock - white jade
Tremolite crystallization of a microscopic fiber changed crystal collection, in more than 99 percent, grain size is generally 0.01 × 0.001mm, are more subtle 0.0001 × 0.001mm, the crystallization of coarse for 0.1 × 0.01mm, a Of up to 0.5 × 1mm. Microscopic structure of blankets, tremolite fibers changed crystal staggered distribution, particle size uniformity, crystal clean, apatite, titanium white-Star point distribution.
Formation of the white color of mineral tremolite is a colorless, white, tremolite in the price of iron content has not yet little decomposition, color Yunhe, some deep changes, the original rock phenomenon.
Note: tremolite in FeO% of 0.78 (the Kunlun Mountains white jade), 0.78 (Bai Yang Zhi Kunlun Mountains), 0.60 (Kunlun Mountains white jade), 0.03 (Anhui).
2), altered from the stone-tremolite rock - Qingyu
Yang Shi from - a microscopic crystal tremolite fibers changed crystal collection, pure content of more than 95 percent, grain size is generally 0.01 × 0.001mm, are more subtle 0.0001 × 0.001mm, some up to 0.5 × 1mm. Often visible calcite and dolomite residual Jing, a microscopic structure blankets, tremolite fibers changed crystal staggered distribution, local self-dolomite show - a half since the deformation crystal embedded inlay structure, formed in the rock re-structure. Secondary changes from the chlorite and Yang Shi, tremolite-like transition, ramp-tetrahedrite screens, apatite, titanium white-Star point distribution.
Green formation of tremolite - from stone-the price of iron content in high-growth component from the stone, not yet decomposed, the color to green - green as the main body, also deep changes in the original rock phenomenon.
Note: from stone-FeO% in the content of 8.97 (Japan), 8.57 (Hubei), 11.77 (Anhui), 30.50 (U.S.love mine).
3), altered from the stone-tremolite rock - Bai Qing
Yang Shi from - tremolite intertwined distribution of mutual transition, a Qing Yu, also a pure focus on local distribution of tremolite, a white jade, rock is altered in a heterogeneous phenomenon, this rock is also very obvious changes in the secondary , Secondary chlorite remnants of calcite, dolomite and the latter part of the ramp tetrahedrite screens petrochemical, through the veins of tremolite.
Green - mainly the formation of the white-stone from - tremolite in the two kinds of mineral components of the uneven distribution of the original rock phenomenon.
4), iron-stained rocks altered tremolite - Topaz
Yang Shi from - a microscopic crystal tremolite fibers changed crystal collection, in more than 99 percent, grain size is generally 0.01 × 0.001mm, the crystallization of coarse for 0.1 × 0.01mm, some up to 0.5 × 1mm . Microscopic structure of blankets, tremolite fibers changed crystal staggered distribution, particle size uniformity, apatite, titanium white-Star point distribution.
Topaz and white jade formation of the transition. The formation of the main yellow tremolite - from stone-the price of iron, for the stability of the decomposition of the yellow iron oxide, long-term due to infiltration, color Yunhe, a rock in the secondary phenomenon.
5), iron-stained rocks altered tremolite - sugar -
Yang Shi from - a microscopic crystal tremolite fibers changed crystal collection, in more than 99 percent, grain size is generally 0.01 × 0.001mm, the crystallization of coarse for 0.1 × 0.01mm, some up to 0.5 × 1mm . Microscopic structure of blankets, tremolite - tremolite fibers changed crystal staggered distribution, particle size uniformity, apatite, titanium white-Star point distribution.
And sugar-white jade, Qingyu, a white jade green transition. Reddish-brown the formation of the major foreign iron oxide, long-term infiltration caused by tremolite - from stone-iron in the price of decomposition is also one of the factors, local color Yunhe, some deep changes, changes in the secondary rock Phenomenon.
6), alteration of the graphite-tremolite rock from the stone - black -
Yang Shi from - a microscopic crystal tremolite fibers changed crystal collection, pure content of more than 90 percent, grain size is generally 0.01 × 0.001mm, are more subtle 0.0001 × 0.001mm, some up to 0.5 × 1mm. Microscopic structure of blankets, tremolite fibers change staggered distribution of crystal, graphite-like particles into the distribution of tremolite - from stone-between in 5-20%. Secondary changes in the chlorite and tremolite - from stone-transition-like, oblique tetrahedrite epidote, apatite, titanium white-Star point distribution.
The formation of black metamorphic main contact during the formation of the graphite color, color, the depth and content of the graphite, an alteration of rocks.
7), altered from the stone-tremolite rock - flower -
Yang Shi from - tremolite intertwined distribution of mutual transition, forming Qingyu color, white jade colored, sugar Yuse, Topaz of the hybrid, the rock is altered in a heterogeneous phenomenon, this rock is also very obvious changes in the secondary , Secondary chlorite remnants of calcite, dolomite and the latter part of the ramp tetrahedrite screens petrochemical, through the veins of tremolite.
Green - mainly the formation of the white-stone from - tremolite in the two kinds of mineral components of the uneven distribution of the original rock phenomenon.
4. Nephrite jade of the civil
Nephrite jade species to the civil color image described named.
1, Baiyu White jade color image of the traditional Yang Zhi described as white, Xiangya Bai, Ewha white, Yu Dubai, white rice, white porcelain, bone white fish. The color of jade, were named as Yang Zhi of white jade, Xiangya Bai Yu, Ewha Bai, Yu Dubai-yu, glutinous white jade, porcelain white jade, bone white jade fish, chicken bone white jade. 2, Qingyu Qingyu traditional color of the image described as blue, green. - Species by color, quality and named as Qingyu, Lvyu. 3, Bai Qing White jade green color described as the traditional image of Qingbaikouan, green white. The color of jade, were named as quality white jade green, green, white jade. 4, topaz Topaz color described as the traditional image of yellow pears, Li Huang, of La Huang, small beige, egg yolks, Kwai Huang, Huang Ju. The color of jade, were named as quality pears topaz, Li Huang, Lahuang of jade, topaz millet, egg yolk-yu, Kwai Topaz, Huang Yu-ju. 5, sugar - Sugar-color image of the traditional described as brown sugar, brown sugar. The color of jade, were named as quality-brown sugar, brown sugar-yu. 6, Moyu Sugar-color image of the traditional described as dark clouds films, short-Mexican, American Bin, the inspectors have to, the dark. The color of jade, were named as dark clouds of Moyu film, short-Moyu Mexico, the Americans Mo Yu Bin, the inspectors must Moyu, dark Moyu. 7, Yu Hua Sugar-color image of the traditional described as Huaban, tiger, panthers. The color of jade, were named as Huaban quality jade, tiger-yu, panthers-yu
5, Yu Liu Category
1, Liu Shan Acquisition in the original soft jade mines, general distribution in the veins above the snow, all kinds of jade are expected, Yang Zhi-only part of output, pulse-edge part of a gradual transition to marble. 2, Liu Shan water From the original soft jade ore body near the valley, some ice moraine, the residual slope moraine, floods Tuen moraine, breccia-like shape, blocks of different sizes. 3, Aberdeen materials Formed in the river in the gravel deposit. Since geological structure, weathering, the role of handling the impact of original soft-disintegration of broken ore, water, ice, wind shift, in the role of water erosion under Hunyuan of abrasion, the soft part of Moqu, leaving tenacity Part of jade-like pebbles into sleek, gravel and coexistence, in the river floodplain and distribution of ancient terraces in the river bed. Tsai Yu Yang Zhi compound to the most valuable.
6, China's soft - China's soft-still-Jinshan, the Qinghai-yu, Xiuyan Yu, Yu-Liyang, Tianshan-yu, Lan Tianyu, Yi Chun-yu.
1, Yu Jinshan Origin: Xinjiang Aerjinshan. Occurrence: - acid magmatic rocks and dolomite marble contact metamorphism product. Chemical composition (%) SiO2 54.65, TiO2 0.07, Al2O3 1.06, Fe2O3 1.49, FeO 8.08, MnO 0.56, MgO 19.36, CaO 11.76, Cr2O3 0.46, P2O5 0.012, SO3 0.11, CO2 2.78, CoO 0.014, Na2O 0.01, K2O 0.01, Blanch loss of 2.22. (Made Aerjinshan) colors: green, dark green. Mineral composition: tremolite - Yang from the stone, calcium chromium garnet, chrome spinel, dolomite, serpentine, chlorite, limonite. Structure of: fiber change crystal structure, blankets structure. 2, the Qinghai - Origin: Golmud in Qinghai. Occurrence: basic rocks - ultrabasic rocks and dolomite marble contact metamorphism product. Color: white, Rubai, light green, green and brown. Mineral composition: tremolite - Yang from the stone, dolomite, serpentine, chlorite, limonite. Structure of: fiber change crystal structure, blankets structure, since the half-tablets containing embedded in the structure, residual crystal structure. 3, Xiuyan Yu (tremolite) white, blue, huangbai, green, Honghe and black. Origin: Xiuyan of Liaoning partial Lingxiang drizzle ditch. Occurrence: Originated in ancient profession yuan Liaohe group Dashiqiao dolomite marble in the group. Chemical composition SiO2 59.21, TiO20.00, Al2O3 0.42, Cr2O3 0.00, FeO 0.00, MnO 0.00, MgO 23.72, CaO 13.99, Na2O 0.04, K2O 0.03. (Qingyu) SiO2 57.55, TiO2 0.00, Al2O3 0.65, Cr2O3 0.00, FeO 1.07, MnO 0.06, MgO 26.18, CaO 12.33, Na2O 0.11, K2O 0.04. (Moyu) SiO2 58.89, TiO20.00, Al2O3 0.59, Cr2O3 0.00, FeO 0.51, MnO 0.07, MgO 23.91, CaO 13.15, Na2O 0.00, K2O 0.04. (Sugar-yu) Color: white, green, blue, yellow, brown, black. Mineral composition: tremolite - Yang from the stone, serpentine, talc, chlorite, dolomite, calcite, limonite. Structure of: fiber change crystal structure, blankets structure, disseminated structure. 4, Yu-Liyang Origin: Jiangsu Liyang. Occurrence: Yanshan Temple West Late Paleozoic granite and marble dolomite contact metamorphic belt. Chemical composition% SiO2 59.13, TiO20.01, Al2O3 0.30, Cr 2O3 0.00, FeO 0.20, MnO 0.01, MgO 24.45, CaO 13.12, Na2O 0.28, K2O 0.16. (Qingyu) SiO2 58.20, TiO2 0.01, Al2O3 0.23, Cr2O3 0.00, FeO 0.24, MnO 0.03, MgO 25.00, CaO 13.20, Na2O 0.27, K2O 0.11. (Bai Qing) Color: white, blue, Qingbaikou, Green. Mineral composition: tremolite - Yang from the stone, serpentine, dolomite, limonite. Structure of: fiber change crystal structure, blankets structure. 5, Tianshan-yu (jasper) Origin: Xinjiang's Tianshan Mountains. Occurrence: in the middle of the ultra-rock (oblique Gan Hui Hui Yan, peridotite, pyroxenite) with the capture of rock or ultra-basic rock and rock (dolomite marble) contact with metamorphic belt product. Chemical composition% SiO2 57.00, TiO2 0.018, Al2O3 0.67, FeO 2.85, Fe2O3 1.48, MnO 0.07, MgO 22.33, CaO 12.68, Na2O 0.00, K2O 0.08, NiO 0.16. (Tianshan) colors: green, green, dark green. Mineral composition: tremolite - Yang from the stone, serpentine, dolomite, chrome spinel, chlorite, brown iron ore, nickel-and pyrrhotite, calcium garnet chromium, titanium white stone. Structure of: fiber change crystal structure, blankets structure.
7, soft-evaluation of the quality factor
Soft jade ornaments from the quality evaluation identified five factors, texture, color, luster, block, jade materials with the following description of the request for Jiapin. 1, texture: Tight delicate, micro-transparent - translucent, non-cotton Liu, better than no impurities. 2, Color: pure, uniform, white is better. 3, shiny: You Run, oil sheen better. 4, block: the better. 5, Yu Liu: Aberdeen better than expected.

Fine jade appreciate - Central Valley re-profiling Yubi

Spring and Autumn medium to the Western Han Dynasty jade is the development of the second period of prosperity. With the disintegration of slavery, feudalism and establish the production's progress, meet real needs of the community, all kinds of new varieties of jade constantly created. Yu-li-decorated alternative to mainstream, from Yubi, Yuhuan, dragon Yu Pei, Yu Wei, Yu Pei-She, and other common portfolio into a new popular Yu Pei, Yudai hook and sword on the prevalence of jade ornaments, etc.. Houzang in the wind under the influence of the upper nobility of the use of mass-scale than before. Spring and Autumn the main patterns, in a variety of Longwen or type of pattern-based, Zhuo the Qiqiao Linglong, Qiu make physical inside, the pursuit of exquisite strongly gorgeous effect. Western Han Dynasty jade gradually shift patterns and simplifies vivid image of animals, the other also-profile pop, Wen Po-shaped geometric patterns and so on.

Bi, first appeared in prehistoric times. To the wider use of the Warring States period, Yubi, in addition to the ceremony-but also for decoration and funerary. This bi-ring inside and outside two laps, full-profile, Gu Wen is the Warring States the most popular patterns, the edge of holes can wear suspension.

Long Wen Qing Yu-yun furnace

Long Wen Qing Yu-yun furnace for the National Palace Museum jade works of one of the representatives. Song products, high-7.9 cm, diameter 12.8 cm. Furnace Qingyu quality. Tongti "the word" profile for the end of the decorated Youlong, Xiangyun and sea water profiling. Incised with the end of the Qianlong Seven Shiyi Shou: "Dr Chan in the temple for the day, carved dragon for the four Hall of Hope. MAO Bo Xing Zhou Hou different system, may wish to Zuding father Kuei-shaped. Du Yun still read Songhai, the Xi from the salary C event bite Tuqiyangzhi Xu changes, only drag the Green YU Yun-water desalination. "At the end of the" Qianlong 1898 Mengqiu Royal title. "

Five Song Dynasty porcelain Mingyao

Five Song Dynasty porcelain Ming Yao:

Jun chinaware kiln in this City, Henan Province, Yu-dong, the city's gossip. Junyao Li with iron, copper color of the different characteristics of burning out of the blue with red, purpura, or pure azure, such as pure Yuebai glaze to the green opal luster as the keynote, with opaque and opaque effect. Jun chinaware another characteristic is glazed on a regular irregular flows like the thin, saying "take earthworms mud profiling." Junyao porcelain were heard the world, its success lies in the glaze by adding copper metal, high temperatures generated Yaobian so that the glaze to green, blue, white-based, both Mei Guizi, Begonia red, colorful, the United States such as Zhao sunset, Hailed as the "National Treasure", in the Song dynasty on a "gold price-kwan, a priceless", "even in Jiacaiwanguan Jun chinaware as a" reputation.

Ru Porcelain kiln in Baofeng Xian Qing Liangsi this Henan Province, Song Si is Ruzhou, Gu Ming. Ru porcelain to burn Qingyou known for its many artifacts imitation jade and bronze form, mainly to respect Ji, Yu Hu Chun-bottles, gall-bottles, bottles and washing. Fine if the carcass clean-gray, and more support for Guozu burned, small objects left at the bottom of the nail-marks. Glaze mainly Azure, Sky Blue, Danfen, powder blue, Yuebai, and Yingrun thin glaze, glaze bubbles large and sparse, "Liaoruochenxing" said. Glazed with a small profile films, called "Xie Zhao Wen." Ru porcelain burning palace with the time only around 20, about Zhezong Yuanyou in the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1086) to Huizongchongning five years (1106), is handed down for very little, be seen as the Xi Shi-Zhen.

Official porcelain GUANYAO a distinction between North and South, to porcelain produced Qingyou known for the world. A major-type bottles, respect, washing, plates, bowls, but also imitation week, the Han period bronze tripod, stoves, GU, Yi, and other patterns, often with objects modeling Yongrong elegant style palace. Its burning the selection of raw materials and ceramic glaze is also very particular about the deployment, used by the high iron content of porcelain clay, the pan-Heizi Taigu color. Kouyan for the site because of the glaze down stream, in thin Youxia exposed Zi Heise, commonly known as "purple mouth," another child at the end of full disclosure, the "iron foot." Song GUANYAO thick glaze of porcelain decoration rarely imposed, mainly to glaze for decoration, common Azure, powder blue, beige, putties and other colors. Hypertrophy of the general glaze, glazed and more films have opened, such a film with the same period Geyao were very different, generally speaking, GUANYAO thick glaze to a large piece of ice cracks, glaze a small, thin films, Geyao Grinding and while most of the Yuzi profile Kyo.

The Northern Song Dynasty porcelain famous Ciyao. Kiln Quyang in Hebei magnetic Jian village. Before firing in the late Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties, Shing burning in the Northern Song Dynasty, Jin, Yuan Dynasty gradually fading. Dingyao to the Northern Song Dynasty Shaozao mainly white glaze porcelain, decorative methods are zoned flowers, Hand carved, such as printing and Niesu. Decoration to a lotus, peony, Hemerocallis fulva for common, simple vivid images. Dingyao addition to burning white glaze, and also burned Heiyou, Lvyou glaze and sauce. Modeling to set up bowls, followed by Mei bottles, pillows, boxes, and so on. In common with carved at the end of "Feng-hua", "-show", "Cifu," "official". Platters and bowls for follow-burning, and because I have Mans glaze down and the formation of Leihen characteristics.

Columbia porcelain talking about here is handed down Geyao the Geyao porcelain. Their children have colored black, dark grey, Qian Hui and Tu Huang variety, the glaze are missing through the opaque glaze, glaze mainly to the Green Ash. Common objects have heaters, bottles, bowls, plates, washing, heterogeneity and fine, fine work, all porcelain palace with the pattern, with widely divergent Minyao porcelain.

Silver gilt gold enamel inlay Yan-box

Silver gilt gold enamel inlay Yan-box, long 27.2 cm, width 22.1 cm, high 22.5 cm.

Boxes of silver, rectangular, covered, under wishful small foot 8, at the bottom of the Central Zanzhuan Shu "Qianlong in the Qing",六字. Tong Tizan gold gilt flowers and decorative inlay Shaolan. Zan-lid carved Chanzhi flowers, the film containing a Yinyuan, on the show to Shaolan Yunlong-profile decoration. Zan are engraved with Long Wen Kui, the median walls are decorated with embedded Shaolan, covered with patterns of Shaolan the same.

The gilt silver inlay enamel boxes Yan Yan-box work very refined, home of a rectangular box in the silver drawer, the drawer on the two side Yanchi. Wall on either side of the box relatively Yinyuan-Shaolan decoration, even within a semicircular drawer, pulled out spindles can be stored in the drawer, Mexico.